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<blockquote><strong>When does foreclosure begin?</strong></blockquote>
<blockquote><strong><br /></strong>Lenders will initiate foreclosure proceedings when borrowers become delinquent in their mortgage obligations, usually after three payments are missed. The lender will then notify the borrower in writing that he or she is in default. The lender can request a trustee's sale or a judicial foreclosure, in which the property is sold at public auction. A borrower can cure the default by paying the overdue amount and the pending payment after the notice of default is recorded, usually no later than a few days before the property's sale. Some sales allow the successful bidder to take possession of the property immediately. If the former owner refuses to vacate the premises, the court can issue an unlawful detainer that allows the sheriff to come out and evict them. Borrowers should do everything they can to avoid foreclosure, which is one of the most damaging events that can occur in an individual's credit history.</blockquote>
<blockquote><br /><strong>How long do bankruptcies and foreclosures stay on a credit report?</strong></blockquote>
<blockquote><strong><br /></strong>Bankruptcies and foreclosures can remain on a credit report for seven to ten years. Some lenders will consider a borrower earlier if they have reestablished good credit.&nbsp; The circumstances surrounding the bankruptcy can also influence a lender's decision. For example, if you went through a bankruptcy because your employer had financial difficulties, a lender may be more sympathetic. If, however, you went through a bankruptcy because you overextended personal credit lines and lived beyond your means, the lender probably will be less inclined to be flexible.</blockquote>
<blockquote><br /><strong>Can a home seller sell a home for less than its mortgage?</strong></blockquote>
<blockquote><strong><br /></strong>Yes, in some case you can sell your home for less than what you still owe on the mortgage, but this is complicated and depends on the lender. This situation is known as a "short sale." Sometimes a lender will be willing to split the difference between the sale price and loan amount, which must still be paid. A short sale may be more complicated if the loan has been sold to the secondary market, because then the lender will have to get permission from Freddie Mac, the two major secondary-market players. If the loan was a low-down payment mortgage with private mortgage insurance, then the lender also must involve the mortgage insurance company that insured the low-down loan.</blockquote>
<blockquote><br /><strong>How does a home go into foreclosure?</strong></blockquote>
<blockquote><strong><br /></strong>Foreclosure proceedings usually begin after a borrower has skipped three mortgage payments. The lender will record a notice of default against the property. Unless the debt is satisfied, the lender will foreclose on the mortgage and proceed to set up a trustee sale.</blockquote>
<blockquote><br /><strong>How does someone sell a slow mover?</strong></blockquote>
<blockquote><strong><br /></strong>Even in a down market, real estate experts say that price and condition are the two most important factors in selling a home. If you are selling in a slow market, your first step would be to lower your price. Also, go through the house and see if there are cosmetic defects that you missed and can be repaired. Secondly, you need to make sure that the home is getting the exposure it deserves through open houses, broker open houses, advertising, good signage, and listings on the local multiple listing service (MLS) and on the Internet. Another option is to pull your house off the market and wait for the market to improve. Finally, if you who have no equity in the house, and are forced to sell because of a divorce or financial considerations, you could discuss a short sale or a deed-in-lieu-of-foreclosure with your lender. A short sale is when the seller finds a buyer for a price that is below the mortgage amount and negotiates the difference with the lender. In a deed-in-lieu-of-foreclosure situation, the lender agrees to take the house back without instituting foreclosure proceedings. The latter are radical options. Your simplest, and in many cases most effective, option is to lower the price.</blockquote>

 Selling Your Home - Short Sales

<p><strong>Can a home seller sell a home for less than its mortgage?&nbsp;</strong></p>
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<div>Yes, in some case you can sell your home for less than what you still owe on the mortgage, but this is complicated and depends on the lender. This situation is known as a "short sale." Sometimes a lender will be willing to split the difference between the sale price and loan amount, which still must be paid. A short sale may be more complicated if the loan has been sold to the secondary market because then the lender will have to get permission from Freddie Mac, the two major secondary-market players. If the loan was a low down payment mortgage with private mortgage insurance, then the lender also must involve the mortgage insurance company that insured the low-down loan.</div>
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<div>When does foreclosure begin?</div>
<div>Lenders will initiate foreclosure proceedings when borrowers become delinquent in their mortgage obligations, usually after three payments are missed. The lender will then notify the borrower in writing that he or she is in default. The lender can request a trustee's sale or a judicial foreclosure, in which the property is sold at public auction. A borrower can cure the default by paying the overdue amount and the pending payment after the notice of default is recorded, usually no later than a few days before the property's sale. Some sales allow the successful bidder to take possession immediately. If the former owner refuses to vacate the premises, the court can issue an unlawful detainer that allows the sheriff to come out and evict them. Borrowers should do everything they can to avoid foreclosure, which is one of the most damaging events that can occur in an individual's credit history.</div>

Selling Your Home - Selling at a Loss

<blockquote><strong>What is seller financing?</strong></blockquote>
<blockquote><strong><br /></strong>Seller financing is when a seller helps to finance a real estate transaction by taking back a second note, or even financing the entire purchase if the seller owns the home free and clear. Usually sellers do this when a buyer has difficulty qualifying for a conventional loan or meeting the purchase price. Seller financing differs from a traditional loan because the seller does not give the buyer cash to complete the purchase, as does a lender. Instead, it involves extending a credit against the purchase price of the home while the buyer executes a promissory note and trust deed in the seller's favor. These special circumstances must be acceptable to the lender who makes the first mortgage on the property. The necessary paperwork is prepared by the title or escrow company after the terms are worked out between the buyer and seller.<br /><br />If you are a seller considering such an arrangement, it is critical to thoroughly evaluate the creditworthiness of the buyer first. Fear of default makes many sellers reluctant to take back a second note. But seller financing can bring a higher price as well as complete the sale sooner in some situations. For more information, contact the Internal Revenue Service for a copy of its Publication 537, "Installment Sales." Order by calling (800) TAX-FORM.<br />How are the rates set for seller financing?<br />The interest rate on an owner-carried loan is negotiable. Ask your agent to check with a lender or mortgage broker to determine the current rate on institutional first (or second) loans. Seller financing typically costs less than conventional financing because sellers don't charge loan fees (points). Interest rates on an owner-carried loan will also be influenced by current Treasury bill and certificate of deposit rates. Sellers usually aren't willing to carry a loan for a lower return than they would earn if their money was invested elsewhere.<br />What are the benefits of seller financing?<br />Seller financing offers tax breaks for sellers and alternative financing for buyers who can't qualify for conventional loans. If you are a seller, the risks you face are the same as those facing any lender: Is the borrower a good credit risk? Will the property hold enough value over time to allow for the repayment of all loans made against it? You should run a full credit check on the borrower, require hazard insurance on the property, and include a due-on-sale clause. There also are financing, disclosure, and repayment-term requirements that need to be met. It is wise to consult a lawyer when putting together this kind of transaction.</blockquote>

Selling Your Home - Seller Financing

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<p><strong>What is the difference between list and sales prices?</strong></p>
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<p>The list price is how much a house is advertised for and is usually only an estimate of what a seller would like to get for the property. The sales price is the amount a property actually sells for. It may be the same as the listing price, or higher or lower, depending on how accurately the property was originally priced and on market conditions. If you are a seller, you may need to adjust the listing price if there have been no offers within the first few months of the property's listing period.</p>
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<p><strong>What are the two most important factors when selling a home?</strong></p>
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<p>Price and condition are the two most important factors in selling a home, even in a down market. The first step is to price your home correctly. Use comparative sales information from your agent, or pay for a professional appraiser (usually $200 to $300), to objectively evaluate your home's worth. Second, go through the house and repair any obvious cosmetic defects that could deter a buyer. In a down market, you may have to consider lowering your price and/or making a major repair, such as replacing the roof, in order to lure a buyer. Also, make sure that your home is getting the exposure it deserves through open houses, broker open houses, advertising, good signage and a listing on the local multiple listing service or online listings provider. If this isn't happening, take it up with your agent or agent's broker. If you are still not satisfied you are getting the service you need, you may have to switch agents.</p>
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<p><strong>What is the best time to buy?</strong></p>
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<p>Because many buyers prefer to move in the spring or summer, the market starts to heat up as early as February. Families with children are eager to buy so they can move during summer vacation, before the new school year begins. The market slows down in late summer before picking up again briefly in the fall. November and December have traditionally been slow months, although some astute buyers look for bargains during this period.</p>
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<p><strong>What is the difference between market value and appraised value?</strong></p>
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<p>The appraised value of a house is a certified appraiser's opinion of the worth of a home at a given point in time. Lenders require appraisals as part of the loan application process; fees range from $200 to $300. Market value is what price the house will bring at a given point in time. A comparative market analysis is an informal estimate of market value, based on sales of comparable properties, performed by a real estate agent or broker. Either an appraisal or a comparative market analysis is the most accurate way to determine what your home is worth.</p>
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<p><strong>What is the difference between list price, sales price and appraised value?</strong></p>
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<p>The list price is a seller's advertised price, a figure that usually is only a rough estimate of what the seller wants to get. Sellers can price high, low or close to what they hope to get. To judge whether the list price is a fair one, be sure to consult comparable sales prices in the area. The sales price is the amount of money you as a buyer would pay for a property. The appraisal value is a certified appraiser's estimate of the worth of a property, and is based on comparable sales, the condition of the property and numerous other factors.</p>
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<p><strong>How does someone sell a slow mover?</strong></p>
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<p>Even in a down market, real estate experts say that price and condition are the two most important factors in selling a home. If you are selling in a slow market, your first step would be to lower your price. Also, go through the house and see if there are cosmetic defects that you missed and can be repaired. Secondly, you need to make sure that the home is getting the exposure it deserves through open houses, broker open houses, advertising, good signage, and listings on the local multiple listing service (MLS) and on the Internet. Another option is to pull your house off the market and wait for the market to improve. Finally, if you who have no equity in the house, and are forced to sell because of a divorce or financial considerations, you could discuss a short sale or a deed-in-lieu-of- foreclosure with your lender. A short sale is when the seller finds a buyer for a price that is below the mortgage amount and negotiates the difference with the lender. In a deed-in-lieu-of-foreclosure situation, the lender agrees to take the house back without instituting foreclosure proceedings. The latter are radical options. Your simplest, and in many cases most effective, option is to lower the price.</p>
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<p><strong>How is the price set?</strong></p>
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<p>It's very important to price your home according to current market conditions. Because the real estate market is continually changing, and market fluctuations have an effect on property values, it's imperative to select your list price based on the most recent comparable sales in your neighborhood. A so-called comparative market analysis provides the background data upon which to base your list-price decision. When you prepare to sell and are interviewing agents, study each agent's comparable sales report (the data should be no more than three months old). If all agents agree on a price range for your home, go with the consensus. Watch out for an agent whose opinion of value is considerably higher than the others.</p>
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<p><strong>What are the standard ways of finding out how much a home is worth?</strong></p>
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<p>A comparative market analysis and an appraisal are the standard methods for determining a home's value. Your real estate agent will be happy to provide a comparative market analysis, an informal estimate of value based on comparable sales in the neighborhood. Be sure you get listing prices of current homes on the market as well as those that have sold. You also can research this yourself by checking on recent sales in public records. Be sure that you are researching properties that are similar in size, construction and location. This information is not only available at your local recorder's or assessor's office but also through private companies and on the Internet. An appraisal, which generally costs $200 to $300 to perform, is a certified appraiser's opinion of the value of a home at any given time. Appraisers review numerous factors including recent comparable sales, location, square footage and construction quality.</p>
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<p><strong>How do you prepare a house to sell?</strong></p>
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<p>Doing whatever you can to put your house's best face forward is very important if you want to get close to your asking price or sell as quickly as possible. Short of spending a lot of money, here are several ideas for making your home show better:</p>
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<p>* Sweep the sidewalk, mow the lawn, prune the bushes, weed the garden and clean debris from the yard.</p>
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<p>* Clean the windows (both inside and out) and make sure the paint is not chipped or flaking. And speaking of paint, if your home was built before 1978, new federal law gives a buyer the right to request a lead inspection. If you think you might have some problems, do the inspection yourself beforehand and make any fixes you can.</p>
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<p>* Be sure that the doorbell works.</p>
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<p>* Clean and spruce up all rooms, furnishings, floors, walls and ceilings. It's especially important that the bathroom and kitchen are spotless.</p>
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<p>* Organize closets.</p>
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<p>* Make sure the basic appliances and fixtures work. Get rid of leaky faucets and frayed cords.</p>
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<p>* Make sure the house smells good: from an apple pie, cookies baking or spaghetti sauce simmering on the stove. Hide the kitty litter.</p>
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<p>* Put vases of fresh flowers throughout the house.</p>
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<p>* Having pleasant background music playing in the background also will help set your stage.</p>
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<p><strong>Where do I get information on housing market stats?</strong></p>
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<p>A real estate agent is a good source for finding out the status of the local housing market. So is your statewide association of Realtors, most of which are continuously compiling such statistics from local real estate boards. For overall housing statistics, U.S. Housing Markets regularly publishes quarterly reports on home building and home buying. Your local builders association probably gets this report. If not, the housing research firm is located in Canton, Mich.; call (800) 755-6269 for information; the firm also maintains an Internet site. Finally, check with the U.S. Bureau of the Census in Washington, D.C.; (301) 763-2422. The census bureau also maintains a site on the Internet. The Chicago Title company also has published a pamphlet, "Who's Buying Homes in America." Write Chicago Title and Trust Family of Title Insurers, 171 North Clark St., Chicago, IL 60601-3294.</p>
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<p><strong>Is a low offer a good idea?</strong></p>
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<p>While your low offer in a normal market might be rejected immediately, in a buyer's market a motivated seller will either accept or make a counteroffer. Full-price offers or above are more likely to be accepted by the seller. But there are other considerations involved:</p>
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<p>* Is the offer contingent upon anything, such as the sale of the buyer's current house? If so, a low offer, even at full price, may not be as attractive as an offer without that condition.</p>
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<p>* Is the offer made on the house as is, or does the buyer want the seller to make some repairs or lower the price instead?</p>
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<p>* Is the offer all cash, meaning the buyer has waived the financing contingency? If so, then an offer at less than the asking price may be more attractive to the seller than a full-price offer with a financing contingency.</p>
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 Selling Your Home - Pricing the House to Sell

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<p><strong>Is there a secret to good negotiating?</strong></p>
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<p>There are several cardinal rules to negotiating effectively. One is do your homework, and learn as much about the seller or the buyer as you can. Another is to play your cards close to your vest and not reveal too much information to the other party or their agent. Don't let yourself get rushed into any decision, no matter how tempting it may be. Finally, if you have doubts about your negotiating skill, hire someone to help.</p>
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<p><strong>What contingencies should be put in an offer?</strong></p>
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<p>Most offers include two standard contingencies: a financing contingency, which makes the sale dependent on the buyers' ability to obtain a loan commitment from a lender, and an inspection contingency, which allows buyers to have professionals inspect the property to their satisfaction. A buyer could forfeit his or her deposit under certain circumstances, such as backing out of the deal for a reason not stipulated in the contract. The purchase contract must include the sellers responsibilities, such things as passing clear title, maintaining the property in its present condition until closing and making any agreed-upon repairs to the property.</p>
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<p><strong>How is the price set?</strong></p>
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<p>It's very important to price your home according to current market conditions. Because the real estate market is continually changing, and market fluctuations have an effect on property values, it's imperative to select your list price based on the most recent comparable sales in your neighborhood. A so-called comparative market analysis provides the background data upon which to base your list-price decision. When you prepare to sell and are interviewing agents, study each agent's comparable sales report (the data should be no more than three months old). If all agents agree on a price range for your home, go with the consensus. Watch out for an agent whose opinion of value is considerably higher than the others.</p>
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<p><strong>Are low-ball offers advisable?</strong></p>
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<p>A low-ball offer is a term used to describe an offer on a house that is substantially less than the asking price. While any offer can be presented, a low-ball offer can sour a prospective sale and discourage the seller from negotiating at all. Unless the house is very overpriced, the offer will probably be rejected. You should always do your homework about comparable prices in the neighborhood before making an y offer. It also pays to know something about the seller's motivation. A lower price with a speedy escrow, for example, may motivate a seller who must move, has another house under contract or must sell quickly for other reasons.</p>
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<p><strong>Do I have to consider contingencies?</strong></p>
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<p>If you are a seller in a seller's market, in which there is more demand than supply, you probably won't have to entertain too many contingencies. But if you are selling in a buyer's market, when buyers are few, prepare to be very flexible. Granting contingencies also depends upon what kind of price you want to get and on the condition of your property, most experts agree. Remember, contingencies are written into the contract and are negotiable during the negotiation phase only.</p>
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<p><strong>What is the difference between market value and appraised value?</strong></p>
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<p>The appraised value of a house is a certified appraiser's opinion of the worth of a home at a given point in time. Lenders require appraisals as part of the loan application process; fees range from $200 to $300. Market value is what price the house will bring at a given point in time. A comparative market analysis is an informal estimate of market value, based on sales of comparable properties, performed by a real estate agent or broker. Either an appraisal or a comparative market analysis is the most accurate way to determine what your home is worth.</p>
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<p><strong>Is a low offer a good idea?</strong></p>
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<p>While your low offer in a normal market might be rejected immediately, in a buyer's market a motivated seller will either accept or make a counteroffer. Full-price offers or above are more likely to be accepted by the seller. But there are other considerations involved:</p>
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<p>* Is the offer contingent upon anything, such as the sale of the buyer's current house? If so, a low offer, even at full price, may not be as attractive as an offer without that condition.</p>
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<p>* Is the offer made on the house as is, or does the buyer want the seller to make some repairs or lower the price instead?</p>
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<p>* Is the offer all cash, meaning the buyer has waived the financing contingency? If so, then an offer at less than the asking price may be more attractive to the seller than a full-price offer with a financing contingency.</p>
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<p><strong>What is the best time to sell your house?</strong></p>
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<p>There is no "best" time to sell per se. Selling a house depends on supply, demand and other economic factors. But the time of year in which you choose to sell can make a difference both in the amount of time it takes to sell your home and in the ultimate selling price. Weather conditions are less of a consideration in more temperate climates, but most of the time, the real estate market picks up as early as February, with the strongest selling season usually lasting through May and June. With the onset of summer, the market slows. July is often the slowest month for real estate sales due to a strong spring market putting possible upward pressure on interest rates. Also, many prospective home buyers and their agents take vacations during mid-summer. Following the summer slowdown, real estate sales activity tends to pick up for a second, although less vigorous, fall market, which usually lasts into November when the market slows again as buyers and sellers turn their attention to the holidays. If this makes you wonder if you should take your home off the market for the holidays, consider the advice of veteran agents: You are always more likely to sell your house if it is available to show to prospective buyers continuously.</p>
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 Selling Your Home - Negotiating

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<p><strong>Whose obligation is it to disclose pertinent information about a property?</strong></p>
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<p>In most states, it is the seller, but obligations to disclose information about a property vary. Under the strictest laws, you and your agent, if you have one, are required to disclose all facts materially affecting the value or desirability of the property which are known or accessible only to you. This might include: homeowners association dues; whether or not work done on the house meets local building codes and permits requirements; the presence of any neighborhood nuisances or noises which a prospective buyer might not notice, such as a dog that barks every night or poor TV reception; any death within three years on the property; and any restrictions on the use of the property, such as zoning ordinances or association rules. It is wise to check your state's disclosure rules prior to a home purchase.</p>
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<p><strong>What are the standard contingencies?</strong></p>
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<p>Most purchase offers include two standard contingencies: a financing contingency, which makes the sale dependent on the buyers' ability to obtain a loan commitment from a lender, and an inspection contingency, which allows buyers to have professionals inspect the property to their satisfaction. As a buyer, you could forfeit your deposit under certain circumstances, such as backing out of the deal for a reason not stipulated in the contract. The purchase contract must include the sellers responsibilities, such things as passing clear title, maintaining the property in its present condition until closing and making any agreed-upon repairs to the property.</p>
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<p><strong>Do I need an attorney when I buy a house?</strong></p>
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<p>In some states, you do need an attorney to complete a real estate transaction, but in others you do not. Most home buyers are capable of handling routine real estate purchase contracts as long as they make certain they read the fine print and understand all the terms of the contract. In particular, you should be clear on the terms of any contingency clauses that will allow them to back out of the contract. If you have any questions at all, it may be advisable to consult an attorney to avoid future legal hassles. In looking for an attorney, ask friends for recommendations or ask your real estate agent to recommend several. Call to inquire about fees and to check on their experience. In general, more experienced attorneys will cost more, but real estate fees as a rule are small relative to the cost of the property you are buying.</p>
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<p><strong>What repairs should the seller make?</strong></p>
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<p>If you want to get top dollar for your property, you probably need to make all minor repairs and selected major repairs before going on the market. Nearly all purchase contracts include an inspection clause, a buyer contingency that allows a buyer to back out if numerous defects are found or negotiate their repair. The trick is not to overspend on pre-sale repairs, especially if there are few houses on the market but many buyers willing to buy at almost any price. On the other hand, making such repairs may be the only way to sell your house in a down market.</p>
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<p><strong>Do sellers have to disclose the terms of other offers?</strong></p>
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<p>Sellers are not legally obligated to disclose the terms of other offers to prospective buyers.</p>
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<p><strong>Will a neighbor problem reduce the value of my property?</strong></p>
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<p>While it may not reduce the actual value, a cluttered landscape next door can detract from the positive aspects of your home. Review your local laws, which should be on file at the public library, county law library or City Hall. A typical "junk vehicle" ordinance, for example, requires any disabled car to either be enclosed or placed behind a fence. And most cities prohibit parking any vehicle on a city street too long. It also may be worthwhile to check into local zoning ordinances. An operator of a home-based business usually is required to obtain a variance or permanent zoning change in residential areas. In addition, if a neighbor's repair work produces loud noises, he may be breaking local noise-control ordinances, which are enforced by the police department. Before bringing in the authorities, you may want to make a copy of the pertinent ordinance and give it to your neighbor to give them a chance to correct the problem.</p>
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<p>Resources:</p>
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<p>* "Neighbor Law: Fences, Trees, Boundaries and Noise," Cora Jordan, Nolo Press, Berkeley, Calif.; 1991.</p>
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<p><strong>How do I get the real scoop on homes I am looking at?</strong></p>
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<p>Home inspections, seller disclosure requirements and the agent's experience will help. Disclosure laws vary by state, but in some states, the law requires the seller to complete a real estate transfer disclosure statement. Here is a summary of the things you could expect to see in a disclosure form:</p>
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<p>* In the kitchen -- a range, oven, microwave, dishwasher, garbage disposal, trash compactor.</p>
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<p>* Safety features such as burglar and fire alarms, smoke detectors, sprinklers, security gate, window screens and intercom.</p>
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<p>* The presence of a TV antenna or satellite dish, carport or garage, automatic garage door opener, rain gutters, sump pump.</p>
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<p>* Amenities such as a pool or spa, patio or deck, built-in barbeque and fireplaces.</p>
</div>
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<p>* Type of heating, condition of electrical wiring, gas supply and presence of any external power source, such as solar panels.</p>
</div>
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<p>* The type of water heater, water supply, sewer system or septic tank also should be disclosed.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Sellers also are required to indicate any significant defects or malfunctions existing in the home's major systems. A checklist specifies interior and exterior walls, ceilings, roof, insulation, windows, fences, driveway, sidewalks, floors, doors, foundation, as well as the electrical and plumbing systems. The form also asks sellers to note the presence of environmental hazards, walls or fences shared with adjoining landowners, any encroachments or easements, room additions or repairs made without the necessary permits or not in compliance with building codes, zoning violations, citations against the property and lawsuits against the seller affecting the property. Also look for, or ask about, settling, sliding or soil problems, flooding or drainage problems and any major damage resulting from earthquakes, floods or landslides.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>People buying a condominium must be told about covenants, codes and restrictions or other deed restrictions. It's important to note that the simple idea of disclosing defects has broadened significantly in recent years. Many jurisdictions have their own mandated disclosure forms as do many brokers and agents. Also, the home inspection and home warranty industries have grown significantly to accommodate increased demand from cautious buyers. Be sure to ask questions about anything that remains unclear or does not seem to be properly addressed by the forms provided to you.</p>
</div>

 Selling Your Home - Disclosure

<p><strong>Should I add on or buy a bigger home?</strong></p>
<p>Consider these questions before making a choice between adding on to an existing home or moving up in the market to a bigger house:</p>
<p>* How much money is available, either from cash reserves or through a home improvement loan, to remodel the current house?</p>
<p>* How much additional space is required? Would the foundation support a second floor or does the lot have room to expand on the ground level?</p>
<p>* What do local zoning and building ordinances permit?</p>
<p>* How much equity already exists in the property?</p>
<p>* Are there affordable properties for sale that would satisfy housing needs?</p>
<p>Ultimately, the decision should be based on individual needs, the extent of work involved and what will add the most value.</p>
<p><strong>What do all of those real estate acronyms in the ads mean?</strong></p>
<p>If you find yourself stumbling over weird acronyms in a real estate listing, don't be alarmed. There is method to the madness of this shorthand (which is mostly adopted by sellers to save money in advertising charges). Here are some abbreviations and the meaning of each, taken from a recent newspaper classified section:</p>
<p>* assum. fin. -- assumable financing</p>
<p>* dk -- deck</p>
<p>* gar -- garage (garden is usually abbreviated "gard")</p>
<p>* expansion pot'l -- may be extra space on the lot, or possibly vertical potential for a top floor or room addition. Verify actual potential by checking local zoning restrictions prior to purchase.</p>
<p>* fab pentrm -- fabulous pentroom, a room on top, underneath the roof, that sometimes has views</p>
<p>* FDR -- formal dining room (not the former president)</p>
<p>* frplc, fplc, FP -- fireplace</p>
<p>* grmet kit -- gourmet kitchen</p>
<p>* HDW, HWF, Hdwd -- hardwood floors</p>
<p>* hi ceils -- high ceilings</p>
<p>* In-law potential -- potential for a separate apartment. Sometimes, local zoning codes restrict rentals of such units so be sure the conversion is legal first.</p>
<p>* large E-2 plan -- this is one of several floor plans available in a specific building</p>
<p>* lsd pkg. -- leased parking area, may come with an additional cost</p>
<p>* lo dues -- find out just how low these homeowner's dues are, and in comparison to what?</p>
<p>* nr bst schls -- near the best schools</p>
<p>* pvt -- private</p>
<p>* pwdr rm -- powder room, or half-bath</p>
<p>* upr- upper floor</p>
<p>* vw, vu, vws, vus -- view(s)</p>
<p>* Wow! -- better check this one out.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Resources:</p>
<p>* "Real Estate's Ambiguous Language You Oughtta Understand," Glennon H. Neubauer, Ethos Group Publishing, Diamond Bar, CA; 1993.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>How long do bankruptcies and foreclosures stay on a credit report?</strong></p>
<p>Bankruptcies and foreclosures can remain on a credit report for seven to 10 years. Some lenders will consider an borrower earlier if they have reestablished good credit.&nbsp; The circumstances surrounding the bankruptcy can also influence a lender's decision. For example, if you went through a bankruptcy because your employer had financial difficulties, a lender may be more sympathetic. If, however, you went through bankruptcy because you overextended personal credit lines and lived beyond your means, the lender probably will be less inclined to be flexible.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>What are some tips on negotiation?</strong></p>
<p>The more you know about a seller's motivation, the stronger a negotiating position you are in. For example, seller who must move quickly due to a job transfer may be amenable to a lower price with a speedy escrow. Other so-called "motivated sellers" include people going through a divorce or who have already purchased another home.&nbsp;&nbsp; Remember, that the listing price is what the seller would like to receive but is not necessarily what they will settle for. Before making an offer, check the recent sales prices of comparable homes in the neighborhood to see how the seller's asking price stacks up.</p>
<p>Some experts discourage making deliberate low-ball offers. While such an offer can be presented, it can also sour the sale and discourage the seller from negotiating at all.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Do sellers have to disclose the terms of other offers?</strong></p>
<p>Sellers are not legally obligated to disclose the terms of other offers to prospective buyers.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>How do I prepare the house for sale?</strong></p>
<p>First and foremost, put it in the best condition possible, especially if you are in a market with few buyers and lots of homes for sale. That means taking care of any major repairs that could deter a buyer (such as replacing any broken windows or replacing a leaky roof) if you can afford it. Next, work on your home's curb appeal. Make sure your landscape is pristine. Mow the grass, clean up any debris and weed the garden beds. Plant a few annual flowers near the entrance or in pots to be placed by the door.&nbsp; Other quick fixes that don't cost a lot of money but can help you get top dollar for your home:</p>
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<ul>
<li>Clean the windows and make sure the paint is not chipped or flaking.</li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li>Be sure that the doorbell works.</li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li>Clean and freshen up rooms, furnishings, floors, walls and ceilings. Make sure that bathrooms and kitchens are spotless.</li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li>Organize closets.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<ul>
<li>Make sure the basic appliances and fixtures work. Replace leaky faucets and frayed cords.</li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li>Eliminate the source of any bad smells, such as the kitty box. Use air freshener or bake a batch of cookies before your open house to ensure that the house smells inviting.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<ul>
<li>Invest in a couple of vases of fresh flowers to place around the house</li>
</ul>
</div>

 Selling Your Home - Common Q&A About Selling Your Home

<blockquote>
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<p><strong>What is the difference between market value and appraised value?</strong></p>
</div>
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<p>The appraised value of a house is a certified appraiser's opinion of the worth of a home at a given point in time. Lenders require appraisals as part of the loan application process; fees range from $200 to $300. Market value is what price the house will bring at a given point in time. A comparative market analysis is an informal estimate of market value, based on sales of comparable properties, performed by a real estate agent or broker. Either an appraisal or a comparative market analysis is the most accurate way to determine what your home is worth.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>What's a house worth?</strong></p>
</div>
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<p>A home ultimately is worth what someone will pay for it. Everything else is an estimate of value. To determine a property's value, most people turn to either an appraisal or a comparative market analysis. An appraisal is a certified appraiser's estimate of the value of a home at a given point in time. Appraisers consider square footage, construction quality, design, floor plan, neighborhood and availability of transportation, shopping and schools. Appraisers also take lot size, topography, view and landscaping into account. Most appraisals cost about $300. A comparative market analysis is a real estate broker's or agent's informal estimate of a home's market value, based on sales of comparable homes in a neighborhood. Most agents will give you a comparative market analysis for free. You can do your own cost comparison by looking up recent sales of comparable properties in public records. These records are available at local recorder or assessor offices, through private real estate information companies or on the Internet.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>How is a home's value determined?</strong></p>
</div>
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<p>You have several ways to determine the value of a home. An appraisal is a professional estimate of a property's market value, based on recent sales of comparable properties, location, square footage and construction quality. This service varies in cost depending on the price of the home. On average, an appraisal costs about $300 for a $250,000 house. A comparative market analysis is an informal estimate of market value performed by a real estate agent based on similar sales and property attributes. Most agents offer free analyses in the hopes of winning your business. You also can get a comparable sales report for a fee from private companies that specialize in real estate data or find comparable sales information available on various real estate Internet sites.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>What standards do appraisers use to estimate value?</strong></p>
</div>
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<p>Appraisers use several factors when estimating a home's value, including the home's size and square footage, the condition of the home and neighborhood, comparable local sales, any pertinent historical information, sales performance and indices that forecast future value. For detailed information on appraisal standards, contact the Appraisal Institute at 200 W. Madison, Suite 1500, Chicago, IL 60606, 7 a.m. - 5 p.m. CT; 888-7JOINAI (754-4624).</p>
</div>
</blockquote>

 Selling Your Home - Appraisals & Market Value

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<p><strong>How can I save on closing costs?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Studies show that the closing costs, which can average 2 to 3 percent of a total home purchase price, are often more costly than many buyers expect. But there are some ways to save:</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Negotiate with the seller to pay all or part of the closing costs. The lender must agree to this as well as the seller.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Get a no-point loan. The trade-off is a higher interest rate on the loan and many of these loans have prepayment penalties. But buyers who are short on cash and can qualify for a higher interest rate may find a no-point loan will significantly cut their closing costs.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Get a no-fee loan. Usually, though, these fees are wrapped into a higher interest rate though it will save you on the amount of cash you need upfront.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Get seller financing. This kind of arrangement usually does not entail traditional loan fees or charges.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Rent the property in which you are interested with an option to buy. That will give you more time to save for the upfront cash needed for the actual purchase.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Shop around for the best loan deal. Each direct lender and each mortgage brokerage has their own fee structure. Call around before submitting your final loan application.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>Who pays the closing costs?</strong></p>
</div>
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<p>Closing costs are either paid by the home seller or home buyer. It often depends on local custom and what the buyer or seller negotiates.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What are closing costs?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Closing costs are the fees for services, taxes or special interest charges that surround the purchase of a home. They include upfront loan points, title insurance, escrow or closing day charges, document fees, prepaid interest and property taxes. Unless, these charges are rolled into the loan, they must be paid when the home is closed.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Where do I get information about closing costs?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>For more on closing costs, ask for the "Consumers Guide to Mortgage Settlement Costs," Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Public Information Department, P.O. Box 7702, San Francisco, CA 94120 or call (415) 974-2163.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Why do I need a title report?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>As much as you as a buyer may want to believe that the home you have found is perfect, a clear title report ensures there are no liens placed against the prior owners or any documents that will restrict your use of the property.&nbsp; A preliminary title report provides you with an opportunity to review any impediment that would prevent clear title from passing to you.&nbsp; When reading a preliminary report, it is important to check the extent of your ownership rights or interest. The most common form of interest is "fee simple" or "fee," which is the highest type of interest an owner can have in land.&nbsp; Liens, restrictions and interests of others excluded from title coverage will be listed numerically as exceptions in the report.&nbsp; You also may have to consider interests of any third parties, such as easements granted by prior owners that limit use of the property. Some buyers attempt to clear these unwanted items prior to purchase.&nbsp; A list of standard exceptions and exclusions not covered by the title insurance policy may be attached. This section includes items the buyer may want to investigate further, such as any laws governing building and zoning.</p>
</div>

Buying Your Home - Escrow & Closing Costs

<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What is the return on new versus previously owned homes?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Buying into a new-home community may seem riskier than purchasing a house in an established neighborhood, but any increase in home value depends upon the same factors: quality of the neighborhood, growth in the local housing market and the state of the overall economy.&nbsp; One survey by the National Association of Realtors shows that resale homes do have an edge over new homes. The trade group's figures show the median price of resale homes increased4.3 percent between 1999 and 2000, compared to 2.8 percent for new homes in the same period.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What's a house worth?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>A home ultimately is worth what someone will pay for it. Everything else is an estimate of value. To determine a property's value, most people turn to either an appraisal or a comparative market analysis.&nbsp;&nbsp; An appraisal is a certified appraiser's estimate of the value of a home at a given point in time. Appraisers consider square footage, construction quality, design, floor plan, neighborhood and availability of transportation, shopping and schools. Appraisers also take lot size, topography, view and landscaping into account. Most appraisals cost about $300.&nbsp; A comparative market analysis is a real estate broker's or agent's informal estimate of a home's market value, based on sales of comparable homes in a neighborhood. Most agents will give you a comparative market analysis for free.&nbsp; You can do your own cost comparison by looking up recent sales of comparable properties in public records. These records are available at local recorder or assessor offices, through private real estate information companies or on the Internet.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What standards do appraisers use to estimate value?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Appraisers use several factors when estimating a home's value, including the home's size and square footage, the condition of the home and neighborhood, comparable local sales, any pertinent historical information, sales performance and indices that forecast future value. For detailed information on appraisal standards, contact the Appraisal Institute at 200 W. Madison, Suite 1500, Chicago, IL 60606, 7 a.m. - 5 p.m. CT; 888-7JOINAI (754-4624).</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>Can I find out the value of my home through the Internet?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>You can get some idea of your home's value by searching the Internet. A number of Web sites and services crunch the numbers from historic public records of home sales to produce the statistics. Some services offer an actual estimate of value based on acceptable software appraisal standards. They also depend on historic home sales records to calculate the estimate. Neither of these services produce official appraisals. They also don't factor in market nuances or other issues a certified appraiser or real estate professional might in assessing the value of your home.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What is the difference between list price, sales price and appraised value?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>The list price is a seller's advertised price, a figure that usually is only a rough estimate of what the seller wants to get. Sellers can price high, low or close to what they hope to get. To judge whether the list price is a fair one, be sure to consult comparable sales prices in the area. The sales price is the amount of money you as a buyer would pay for a property. The appraisal value is a certified appraiser's estimate of the worth of a property, and is based on comparable sales, the condition of the property and numerous other factors.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What are the standard ways of finding out how much a home is worth?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>A comparative market analysis and an appraisal are the standard methods for determining a home's value. Your real estate agent will be happy to provide a comparative market analysis, an informal estimate of value based on comparable sales in the neighborhood. Be sure you get listing prices of current homes on the market as well as those that have sold. You also can research this yourself by checking on recent sales in public records. Be sure that you are researching properties that are similar in size, construction and location. This information is not only available at your local recorder's or assessor's office but also through private companies and on the Internet. An appraisal, which generally costs $200 to $300 to perform, is a certified appraiser's opinion of the value of a home at any given time. Appraisers review numerous factors including recent comparable sales, location, square footage and construction quality.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>How do you determine the value of a troubled property?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Buyers considering a foreclosure property should obtain as much information as possible from the lender, including the range of bids expected. It also is important to examine the property. If you are unable to get into a foreclosure property, check with surrounding neighbors about the property's condition. It also is possible to do your own cost comparison through researching comparable properties recorded at local county recorder's and assessor's offices, or through Internet sites specializing in property records.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What is the difference between market value and appraised value?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>The appraised value of a house is a certified appraiser's opinion of the worth of a home at a given point in time. Lenders require appraisals as part of the loan application process; fees range from $200 to $300.&nbsp; Market value is what price the house will bring at a given point in time. A comparative market analysis is an informal estimate of market value, based on sales of comparable properties, performed by a real estate agent or broker. Either an appraisal or a comparative market analysis is the most accurate way to determine what your home is worth.</p>
</div>

 Buying Your Home - Appraisals & Market Value

<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>Can I use an agent for a new home?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Yes, however buyers should be aware of the differences inherent in working with sales agents who are employed by the developer, rather than traditional real estate agents.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Builders commonly require that an outside agent be present, and sign in, the first time a prospective purchaser visits a site before payment of commission even is discussed.&nbsp; At times when buyers use an advertisement to find the development themselves first, builders can refuse to pay any commission regardless of how helpful an agent may become later in the process. It is advisable to call the development first and inquire about their policy on compensating real estate agents if you are using one.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>How do I find a real estate agent?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Getting a recommendation from a friend or work colleague is an excellent way to find a good agent. Be sure to ask if they would use the agent again. You also can call the managers of reputable real estate firms and ask them for recommendations of agents who have worked in your neighborhood. In any case, whether you are a buyer or a seller, you should interview at least three agents to give yourself a choice. A good agent typically works full-time and has several years of experience. If you are a seller, you should expect to review a comparative market analysis, which includes recent home sale prices in your area, when you talk to a prospective agent.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What about a buyer's agent?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>In many states, it's now common for an agent to represent the buyers exclusively in the transaction and be paid a commission by the sellers. More and more buyers are going a step further, hiring and paying for their own agent, referred to as buyers brokers.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>How do you find a good agent?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>As I said before, a good agent typically works full-time and has several years of experience. If you are a buyer, you don't usually pay for your agent's services (in the form of a commission, or percentage of the sales price of the home). All agents in a transaction usually are paid by the seller from the sales proceeds. In many states, this means that your agent legally is acting as a sub-agent of the seller. But in some states, it's legal for an agent to represent the buyers exclusively in the transaction and be paid a commission by the sellers. You also can hire and pay for your own agent, known as buyer's brokers, whose legal obligation is exclusively to you. If you are a seller, you should interview at least three agents, all of whom should make a sales presentation including a comparative market analysis of local home prices in your area. The best choice isn't always the agent with the highest asking price for your home. Be sure to evaluate all aspects of the agent's marketing plan and how well you think you can work with the individual.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>How much does my real estate agent need to know?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Real estate agents would say that the more you tell them, the better they can negotiate on your behalf. However, the degree of trust you have with an agent may depend upon their legal obligation. Agents working for buyers have three possible choices: They can represent the buyer exclusively, called single agency, or represent the seller exclusively, called sub-agency, or represent both the buyer and seller in a dual-agency situation. Some states require agents to disclose all possible agency relationships before they enter into a residential real estate transaction. Here is a summary of the three basic types:</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* In a traditional relationship, real estate agents and brokers have a fiduciary relationship to the seller. Be aware that the seller pays the commission of both brokers, not just the one who lists and shows the property, but also to the sub- broker, who brings the ready, willing and able buyer to the table.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Dual agency exists if two agents working for the same broker represent the buyer and seller in a transaction. A potential conflict of interest is created if the listing agent has advance knowledge of another buyer's offer. Therefore, the law states that a dual agent shall not disclose to the buyer that the seller will accept less than the list price, or disclose to the seller that the buyer will pay more than the offer price, without express written permission.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* A buyer also can hire his or her own agent who will represent the buyer's interests exclusively. A buyer's agent usually must be paid out of the buyer's own pocket but the buyer can trust them with financial information, knowing it will not be transmitted to the other broker and ultimately to the seller.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">&nbsp;</div>

Buying Your Home - Working With a Real Estate Agent

<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>How much does my real estate agent need to know?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Real estate agents would say that the more you tell them, the better they can negotiate on your behalf. However, the degree of trust you have with an agent may depend upon their legal obligation. Agents working for buyers have three possible choices: They can represent the buyer exclusively, called single agency, or represent the seller exclusively, called sub- agency, or represent both the buyer and seller in a dual-agency situation. Some states require agents to disclose all possible agency relationships before they enter into a residential real estate transaction. Here is a summary of the three basic types:</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* In a traditional relationship, real estate agents and brokers have a fiduciary relationship to the seller. Be aware that the seller pays the commission of both brokers, not just the one who lists and shows the property, but also to the sub- broker, who brings the ready, willing and able buyer to the table.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Dual agency exists if two agents working for the same broker represent the buyer and seller in a transaction. A potential conflict of interest is created if the listing agent has advance knowledge of another buyer's offer. Therefore, the law states that a dual agent shall not disclose to the buyer that the seller will accept less than the list price, or disclose to the seller that the buyer will pay more than the offer price, without express written permission.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* A buyer also can hire his or her own agent who will represent the buyer's interests exclusively. A buyer's agent usually must be paid out of the buyer's own pocket but the buyer can trust them with financial information, knowing it will not be transmitted to the other broker and ultimately to the seller.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>How much will I spend on maintenance expenses?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Experts generally agree that you can plan on annually spend 1 percent of the purchase price of your house on repairing gutters, caulking windows, sealing your driveway and the myriad other maintenance chores that come with the privilege of homeownership. Newer homes will cost less to maintain than older homes. It also depends on how well the house has been maintained over the years.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What is the standard debt-to-income ratio?</strong></p>
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<p>A standard ratio used by lenders limits the mortgage payment to 28 percent of the borrower's gross income and the mortgage payment, combined with all other debts, to 36 percent of the total. The fact that some loan applicants are accustomed to spending 40 percent of their&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kwshowcasehomes.com/Pages/Afford.aspx" title="Click to Continue &gt; by CouponDropDown">monthly income</a>&nbsp;on rent -- and still promptly make the payment each time -- has prompted some lenders to broaden their acceptable mortgage payment amount when considered as a percentage of the applicant's income. Other real estate experts tell borrowers facing rejection to compensate for negative factors by saving up a larger down payment. Mortgage loans requiring little or no outside documentation often can be obtained with down payments of 25 percent or more of the purchase price.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What can I afford?</strong></p>
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<p>Know what you can afford is the first rule of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kwshowcasehomes.com/Pages/Afford.aspx" title="Click to Continue &gt; by CouponDropDown">home buying</a>, and that depends on how much income and how much debt you have. In general, lenders don't want borrowers to spend more than 28 percent of their gross income per month on a mortgage payment or more than 36 percent on debts. It pays to check with several lenders before you start searching for a home. Most will be happy to roughly calculate what you can afford and prequalify you for a loan. The price you can afford to pay for a home will depend on six factors:</p>
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<p>1. gross income</p>
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<p>2. the amount of cash you have available for the down payment, closing costs and cash reserves required by the lender</p>
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<p>3. your outstanding debts</p>
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<p>4. your credit history</p>
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<p>5. the type of mortgage you select</p>
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<p>6. current interest rates</p>
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<p>Another number lenders use to evaluate how much you can afford is the housing expense-to-income ratio. It is determined by calculating your projected monthly housing expense, which consists of the principal and interest payment on your new home loan, property taxes and hazard insurance (or PITI as it is known). If you have to pay monthly homeowners association dues and/or private mortgage insurance, this also will be added to your PITI. This ratio should fall between 28 to 33 percent, although some lenders will go higher under certain circumstances. Your total debt-to-income ratio should be in the 34 to 38 percent range.</p>
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<p><strong>When is the best time to buy?</strong></p>
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<p>Here are some frequently cited reasons for buying a house:</p>
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<p>* You need a tax break. The mortgage interest deduction can make home ownership very appealing.</p>
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<p>* You are not counting on price appreciation in the short term.</p>
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<p>* You can afford the monthly payments.</p>
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<p>* You plan to stay in the house long enough for the appreciation to cover your transaction costs. The costs of buying and selling a home include real estate commissions, lender fees and closing costs that can amount to more than 10 percent of the sales price.</p>
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<p>* You prefer to be an owner rather than a renter.</p>
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<p>* You can handle the maintenance expenses and headaches.</p>
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<p>* You are not greatly concerned by dips in home values.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Where do I get information on housing market stats?</strong></p>
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<p>A real estate agent is a good source for finding out the status of the local housing market. So is your statewide association of Realtors, most of which are continuously compiling such statistics from local real estate boards. For overall housing statistics, U.S. Housing Markets regularly publishes quarterly reports on home building and home buying. Your local builders association probably gets this report. If not, the housing research firm is located in Canton, Mich.; call (800) 755-6269 for information; the firm also maintains an Internet site. Finally, check with the U.S. Bureau of the Census in Washington, D.C.; (301) 763-2422. The census bureau also maintains a site on the Internet. The Chicago Title company also has published a pamphlet, "Who's Buying Homes in America." Write Chicago Title and Trust Family of Title Insurers, 171 North&nbsp; Clark St., Chicago, IL 60601-3294.</p>
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<p><strong>What is Fannie Mae's low-down program?</strong></p>
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<p>Fannie Mae is expanding the availability of low-down-payment loans in an effort to help more people nationwide qualify for a mortgage. Two new programs will help potential buyers overcome two of the most common obstacles to home ownership, low savings and a modest income. To address many first-time buyers' struggles to save the down payment, Fannie Mae developed Fannie 97. The program provides 97 percent financing on a fixed-rate mortgage with either a 25- or 30-year loan term through Fannie Mae's Community Home Buyers Program. Fannie Mae's new Start-Up Mortgage will assist buyers with a 5 percent down payment who are at any income level. Yet applicants do not need as much income to qualify and less cash for closing than with traditional mortgages. Borrowers will receive a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage with a first-year monthly payment that is lower than the standard fixed-rate loan. Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae's counterpart, also offers low-down-payment loan programs.</p>
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<p><strong>How long do bankruptcies and foreclosures stay on a credit report?</strong></p>
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<p>Bankruptcies and foreclosures can remain on a credit report for seven to 10 years. Some lenders will consider an borrower earlier if they have reestablished good credit. The circumstances surrounding the bankruptcy can also influence a lender's decision. For example, if you went through a bankruptcy because your employer had financial difficulties, a lender may be more sympathetic. If, however, you went through bankruptcy because you overextended personal credit lines and lived beyond your means, the lender probably will be less inclined to be flexible.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>How do you determine the value of a troubled property?</strong></p>
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<p>Buyers considering a foreclosure property should obtain as much information as possible from the lender, including the range of bids expected. It also is important to examine the property. If you are unable to get into a foreclosure property, check with surrounding neighbors about the property's condition. It also is possible to do your own cost comparison through researching comparable properties recorded at local county recorder's and assessor's offices, or through Internet sites specializing in property records.</p>
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<p><strong>Where do I get information on IRS publications?</strong></p>
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<p>The Internal Revenue Service publishes a number of real estate publications. They are listed by number:</p>
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<p>* 521 "Moving Expenses"</p>
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<p>* 523 "Selling Your Home"</p>
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<p>* 527 "Residential Rental Property"</p>
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<p>* 534 "Depreciation"</p>
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<p>* 541 "Tax Information on Partnerships"</p>
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<p>* 551 "Basis of Assets"</p>
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<p>* 555 "Federal Tax Information on Community Property"</p>
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<p>* 561 "Determining the Value of Donated Property"</p>
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<p>* 590 "Individual Retirement Arrangements"</p>
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<p>* 908 "Bankruptcy and Other Debt Cancellation"</p>
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<p>* 936 "Home Mortgage Interest Deduction"</p>
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<p>Order by calling 1-800- TAX-FORM.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Are seller-paid points deductible?</strong></p>
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<p>As of Jan. 1, 1991, homeowners have been able to deduct points paid by the seller. This deduction previously was reserved only for points actually paid by the buyer.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>When is the best time to buy?</strong></p>
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<p>Here are some frequently cited reasons for buying a house:</p>
</div>
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<p>* You need a tax break. The mortgage interest deduction can make home ownership very appealing.</p>
</div>
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<p>* You are not counting on price appreciation in the short term.</p>
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<p>* You can afford the monthly payments.</p>
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<p>* You plan to stay in the house long enough for the appreciation to cover your transaction costs. The costs of buying and selling a home include real estate commissions, lender fees and closing costs that can amount to more than 10 percent of the sales price.</p>
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<p>* You prefer to be an owner rather than a renter.</p>
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<p>* You can handle the maintenance expenses and headaches.</p>
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<p>* You are not greatly concerned by dips in home values.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What home-buying costs are deductible?</strong></p>
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<p>Any points you or the seller pay to purchase your home loan are deductible for that year. Property taxes and interest are deductible every year. But while other home-buying costs (closing costs in particular) are not immediately tax-deductible, they can be figured into the adjusted cost basis of your home when you go to sell (any significant home improvements also can be calculated into your basis). These fees would include title insurance, loan-application fee, credit report, appraisal fee, service fee, settlement or closing fees, bank attorney's fee, attorney's fee, document preparation fee and recording fees. Points paid when you refinance an existing mortgage must be deducted ratably over the life of the new loan.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What is the Mortgage Credit Certificate program?</strong></p>
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<p>The Mortgage Credit Certificate program allows first-time home buyers to take advantage of a special federal income tax credit. This program allows buyers credit in qualifying for the tax advantage they'll receive after they purchase the home. The amount of the credit is tied to a local formula that every city with an MCC program must follow. A MCC credit, which can total $2,000 or more, reduces the borrower's federal tax liability by an amount tied to how much one pays in annual mortgage interest. Both the borrower's income and the purchase price of the home must fall within established guidelines. To see if your community has an MCC program, call your local housing or redevelopment agency. You also may inquire with your real estate broker or the local association of Realtors.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What are the rules for mortgage credit certificates?</strong></p>
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<p>To qualify for a mortgage credit certificate, both your income and the purchase price of the home must fall within established city guidelines. These guidelines vary by city but generally only permit people who earn an average income or slightly higher than average income. A limited number of cities have authorized the MCC program. Contact your municipal housing department for more information.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Should I buy a vacation home?</strong></p>
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<p>Today a vacation home can be purchased for investment purposes as well as enjoyment. And yes, there are tax benefits. Some people buy a vacation home with the idea of turning it into a permanent retirement home down the road, which puts them ahead on their payments. Another benefit is that the interest and property taxes are tax deductible, which helps to offset the cost of paying for a second home. A vacation home also can be depreciated if you live in it fewer than 14 days a year, or 10 percent of the rented days - whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>Resources:</p>
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<p>* "Real Estate Investing From A to Z," William Pivar, Probus Publishing, Chicago; 1993.</p>
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<p>* "The Ultimate Language of Real Estate,'' John Reilly, Dearborn Financial</p>
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<p><strong>How do I save on taxes?</strong></p>
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<p>Here are some ways to save money on taxes:</p>
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<p>* Mortgage interest on loans up to $1 million is completely deductible for the year in which you pay it to buy, build or improve your principal residence plus a second home.</p>
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<p>* Points, or loan origination fees, also are deductible no matter who pays them, the buyer or the seller.</p>
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<p>* Most homeowners, except the wealthy and those living in high-priced markets, no longer need to worry about capital gains taxes. The exemption has been raised to $500,000 for married couples and $250,000 for single owners. It can be taken every two years. Homeowners should always keep all receipts of permanent home improvements and of mortgage closing costs. If you do have to pay capital gains taxes, these costs can be added to your adjusted cost basis. Consult your tax adviser for more information.</p>
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<p>Resources:</p>
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<p>* "Tax Information for First-Time Homeowners," IRS Publication 530, and "Selling Your Home," IRS Publication 523. Call (800) TAX-FORM to order.</p>
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<p><strong>Are taxes on second homes deductible?</strong></p>
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<p>Mortgage interest and property taxes are deductible on a second home if you itemize. Check with your accountant or tax adviser for specifics.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Are points deductible?</strong></p>
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<p>If you are a buyer, and you or the seller pays points, they are deductible for the year in which they are paid only. You also can deduct any points you pay when you refinance your home, but you must do so ratably over the life of the loan. Consult your tax or financial advisor.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>How do you choose between buying and renting?</strong></p>
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<p>Home ownership offers tax benefits as well as the freedom to make decisions about your home. An advantage of renting is not worrying about maintenance and other financial obligations associated with owning property. There also are a number of economic considerations. Unlike renters, home owners who secure a fixed-rate loan can lock in their monthly housing costs and make prudent investment plans knowing these expenses will not increase substantially. Home ownership is a highly leveraged investment that can yield substantial profit on a nominal front-end investment. However, such returns depend on home-price appreciation.</p>
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<p>"For some people, owning a home is a great feeling," writes Mitchell A. Levy in his book, "Home Ownership: The American Myth," Myth Breakers Press, Cupertino, Calif.; 1993. "It does, however, have a price. Besides the maintenance headache, the amount of after-tax money paid to the lender is usually greater than the amount of money otherwise paid in rent," Levy concludes.&nbsp; As for evaluating the risk associated with home ownership, David T. Schumacher and Erik Page Bucy write in their book "The Buy &amp; Hold Real Estate Strategy," John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York; 1992, that "good property located in growth areas should be regarded as an investment as opposed to a speculation or gamble." The authors recommend that prospective buyers spend a few months investigating a community. Many people make the mistake of buying in the wrong area. "Just because certain properties are high-priced doesn't necessarily mean they have some inherent advantage," the authors write. "One property may cost more than another today, but will it still be worth more down the line?"</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Are there tax credits for first-time home buyers?</strong></p>
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<p>Many city and county governments offer Mortgage Credit Certificate programs, which allow first-time home buyers to take advantage of a special federal income tax write-off, which makes qualifying for a mortgage loan easier. Requirements vary from program to program. People wanting to apply should contact their local housing or community development office. Here is a list of four general requirements to keep in mind:</p>
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<p>* Some credit may be claimed only on your owner- occupied principal residence.</p>
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<p>*There are maximum income limits, which vary by locality and family size.</p>
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<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* You must be a first-time home buyer, which means you must not have had any kind of ownership interest in a principal residence during the past three years. This restriction may be waived, however, if you are buying property within certain target areas.</p>
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<p>* Allocations must be available. A local MCC program may have to decline new applications when it runs out of funds.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Explain the home mortgage deduction . .</strong></p>
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<p>The mortgage interest deduction entitles you to completely deduct the interest on your home loan for the year in which you paid it. Mortgage interest is not a dollar-for-dollar tax cut; it reduces taxable income. You must itemize deductions in order to do this, which means your total deductions must exceed the IRS's standard deduction. Another point to remember is that the amount of interest on your loan goes down each year you pay on your mortgage (all standard home-loan formulas pay off interest first before significantly paying into principal). That's why paying extra on your principal every year can help you pay off your loan early.</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>How are fees and assessments figured in a homeowners association?</strong></p>
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<p>Homeowners association fees are considered personal living expenses and are not tax-deductible. If, however, an association has a special assessment to make one or more capital improvements, condo owners may be able to add the expense to their cost basis. Cost basis is a term for the money an owner spends for permanent improvements throughout their time in the home and is used to reduce eventual capital gains taxes when the property is sold. For example, if the association puts a new roof on a building, the expense could be considered part of a condo owner's cost basis only if they lived directly underneath it. Overall improvements to common areas, such as the installation of a swimming pool, need to be considered on a case-by-case basis but most can be included in the cost basis of any owner who can show their home directly benefits from the work.</p>
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<p>To find out more about how the IRS views condo association fees, look to IRS Publication 17, "Your Federal Income Tax," which includes a section on condos. Order a free copy by calling (800) TAX-FORM.</p>
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<p><strong>How do I reach the IRS?</strong></p>
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<p>To reach the Internal Revenue Service, call (800) TAX-1040.</p>
</div>

Buying Your Home - Tax Considerations

<blockquote>
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<p><strong>Are taxes on second homes deductible?</strong></p>
</div>
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<p>Mortgage interest and property taxes are deductible on a second home if you itemize. Check with your accountant or tax adviser for specifics.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Do all loans require impound accounts?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>If you are taking out a FHA or VA loan, the lender can require an impound account to pay real estate taxes and hazard insurance premiums, as with a standard loan. Most conventional loans do not require an impound account.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Are property taxes deductible?</strong></p>
</div>
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<p>Property taxes on all real estate, including those levied by state and local governments and school districts, are fully deductible against current income taxes.</p>
</div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>Where can I learn more about appealing my property taxes?</strong></p>
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<p>Contact your local tax assessor's office to see what procedures to follow to appeal your property tax assessment. You may be able to appeal your assessment informally.&nbsp; Mostly likely, however, you will have to go through a formal tax-appeal processes, which begin with an appeal filed with the appropriate assessment appeals board.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>How do property taxes work?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>Property taxes are what most homeowners in the United States pay for the privilege of owning a piece of real estate, on average 1.5 percent of the property's current market value. These annual local assessments by county or local authorities help pay for public services and are calculated using a variety of formulas.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>What is an impound account?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>An impound account is a trust account established by the lender to hold money to pay for real estate taxes, and mortgage and homeowners insurance premiums as they are received each month.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>How is a home's value determined?</strong></p>
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<div class="enBodyText">
<p>You have several ways to determine the value of a home. An appraisal is a professional estimate of a property's market value, based on recent sales of comparable properties, location, square footage and construction quality. This service varies in cost depending on the price of the home. On average, an appraisal costs about $300 for a $250,000 house. A comparative market analysis is an informal estimate of market value performed by a real estate agent based on similar sales and property attributes. Most agents offer free analyses in the hopes of winning your business. You also can get a comparable sales report for a fee from private companies that specialize in real estate data or find comparable sales information available on various real estate Internet sites.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
</blockquote>

Buying Your Home - Property Taxes

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<p><strong>Can you buy homes below market?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>While a typical buyer may look at five to 10 homes before making an offer, an investor who makes bargain buys usually goes through many more. Most experts agree it takes a lot of determination to find a real "bargain." There are a number of ways to buy a bargain property:</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>*Buy a fixer-upper in a transitional neighborhood, improve it and keep it or resell at a higher price.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Buy a foreclosure property (after doing your research carefully).</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Buy a house due to be torn down and move it to a new lot.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Buy a partial interest in a piece of real estate, such as part of a tenants- in-common partnership.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Buy a leftover house in a new-home development.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>What is the difference between list and sales prices?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>The list price is how much a house is advertised for and is usually only an estimate of what a seller would like to get for the property. The sales price is the amount a property actually sells for. It may be the same as the listing price, or higher or lower, depending on how accurately the property was originally priced and on market conditions. If you are a seller, you may need to adjust the listing price if there have been no offers within the first few months of the property's listing period.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>Are low-ball offers advisable?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>A low-ball offer is a term used to describe an offer on a house that is substantially less than the asking price. While any offer can be presented, a low-ball offer can sour a prospective sale and discourage the seller from negotiating at all. Unless the house is very overpriced, the offer will probably be rejected. You should always do your homework about comparable prices in the neighborhood before making an y offer. It also pays to know something about the seller's motivation. A lower price with a speedy escrow, for example, may motivate a seller who must move, has another house under contract or must sell quickly for other reasons.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What is the difference between list price, sales price and appraised value?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>The list price is a seller's advertised price, a figure that usually is only a rough estimate of what the seller wants to get. Sellers can price high, low or close to what they hope to get. To judge whether the list price is a fair one, be sure to consult comparable sales prices in the area. The sales price is the amount of money you as a buyer would pay for a property. The appraisal value is a certified appraiser's estimate of the worth of a property, and is based on comparable sales, the condition of the property and numerous other factors.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>Is a low offer a good idea?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>While your low offer in a normal market might be rejected immediately, in a buyer's market a motivated seller will either accept or make a counteroffer. Full-price offers or above are more likely to be accepted by the seller. But there are other considerations involved:</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Is the offer contingent upon anything, such as the sale of the buyer's current house? If so, a low offer, even at full price, may not be as attractive as an offer without that condition.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Is the offer made on the house as is, or does the buyer want the seller to make some repairs or lower the price instead?</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Is the offer all cash, meaning the buyer has waived the financing contingency? If so, then an offer at less than the asking price may be more attractive to the seller than a full-price offer with a financing contingency.</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p><strong>What contingencies should be put in an offer?</strong></p>
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<p>Most offers include two standard contingencies: a financing contingency, which makes the sale dependent on the buyers' ability to obtain a loan commitment from a lender, and an inspection contingency, which allows buyers to have professionals inspect the property to their satisfaction. A buyer could forfeit his or her deposit under certain circumstances, such as backing out of the deal for a reason not stipulated in the contract. The purchase contract must include the sellers responsibilities, such things as passing clear title, maintaining the property in its present condition until closing and making any agreed-upon repairs to the property.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Who gets the furnishings when a home is sold?</strong></p>
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<p>It depends. Fixtures, any kind of personal property that is permanently attached to a house (such as drapery rods, built-in bookcases, tacked-down carpeting or a furnace) automatically stay with the house unless specified otherwise in the sales contract. But anything that is not nailed down is negotiable. This most often involves appliances that are not built in (washer, dryer, refrigerator, for example), although some sellers will be interested in negotiating for other items, such as a piano.</p>
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<p><strong>Whose obligation is it to disclose pertinent information about a property?</strong></p>
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<p>In most states, it is the seller, but obligations to disclose information about a property vary. Under the strictest laws, you and your agent, if you have one, are required to disclose all facts materially affecting the value or desirability of the property which are known or accessible only to you. This might include: homeowners association dues; whether or not work done on the house meets local building codes and permits requirements; the presence of any neighborhood nuisances or noises which a prospective buyer might not notice, such as a dog that barks every night or poor TV reception; any death within three years on the property; and any restrictions on the use of the property, such as zoning ordinances or association rules. It is wise to check your state's disclosure rules prior to a home purchase.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>How do you determine the value of a troubled property?</strong></p>
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<p>Buyers considering a foreclosure property should obtain as much information as possible from the lender, including the range of bids expected. It also is important to examine the property. If you are unable to get into a foreclosure property, check with surrounding neighbors about the property's condition. It also is possible to do your own cost comparison through researching comparable properties recorded at local county recorder's and assessor's offices, or through Internet sites specializing in property records.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What are some tips on negotiation?</strong></p>
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<p>The more you know about a seller's motivation, the stronger a negotiating position you are in. For example, seller who must move quickly due to a job transfer may be amenable to a lower price with a speedy escrow. Other so-called "motivated sellers" include people going through a divorce or who have already purchased another home.</p>
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<p>Remember, that the listing price is what the seller would like to receive but is not necessarily what they will settle for. Before making an offer, check the recent sales prices of comparable homes in the neighborhood to see how the seller's asking price stacks up. Some experts discourage making deliberate low-ball offers. While such an offer can be presented, it can also sour the sale and discourage the seller from negotiating at all.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Do I need an attorney when I buy a house?</strong></p>
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<p>In some states, you do need an attorney to complete a real estate transaction, but in others you do not. Most home buyers are capable of handling routine real estate purchase contracts as long as they make certain they read the fine print and understand all the terms of the contract. In particular, you should be clear on the terms of any contingency clauses that will allow them to back out of the contract. If you have any questions at all, it may be advisable to consult an attorney to avoid future legal hassles. In looking for an attorney, ask friends for recommendations or ask your real estate agent to recommend several. Call to inquire about fees and to check on their experience. In general, more experienced attorneys will cost more, but real estate fees as a rule are small relative to the cost of the property you are buying.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What are the standard contingencies?</strong></p>
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<p>Most purchase offers include two standard contingencies: a financing contingency, which makes the sale dependent on the buyers' ability to obtain a loan commitment from a lender, and an inspection contingency, which allows buyers to have professionals inspect the property to their satisfaction. As a buyer, you could forfeit your deposit under certain circumstances, such as backing out of the deal for a reason not stipulated in the contract. The purchase contract must include the sellers responsibilities, such things as passing clear title, maintaining the property in its present condition until closing and making any agreed-upon repairs to the property.</p>
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Buying Your Home - Making an Offer

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<p><strong>Do I need a home inspection?</strong></p>
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<p>Yes. Buying a home "as is" is a risky proposition. Major repairs on homes can amount to thousands of dollars. Plumbing, electrical and roof problems represent significant and complex systems that are expensive to fix.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>How do I find a home inspector?</strong></p>
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<p>Your realty agent is one source. But keeping them independent from the agent may be a good idea. Inspectors are listed in the yellow pages. You can ask for referrals from friends. Ask for their credentials, such as contractor's license or engineering certificate. Also, check out their references.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>How do I find a home inspector?</strong></p>
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<p>In order to find a home inspector, Dian Hymer, author of "Buying and Selling a Home A Complete Guide," Chronicle Books, San Francisco; 1994, advises looking for someone with demonstrable qualifications. "Ideally, the general inspector you select should be either an engineer, an architect, or a contractor. When possible, hire an inspector who belongs to one of the home inspection trade organizations."</p>
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<p>The American Society of Home Inspectors (ASHI) has developed formal inspection guidelines and a professional code of ethics for its members. Membership to ASHI is not automatic; proven field experience and technical knowledge of structures and their various systems and appliances are a prerequisite. One can usually find an inspector by looking in the phone book or by inquiring at a real estate office or sometimes at an area Realtor association. Rates for the service vary greatly. Many inspectors charge about $400, but costs go up with the scope of the inspection.</p>
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<p><strong>What's a home inspection?</strong></p>
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<p>A home inspection is when a paid professional inspector -- often a contractor or an engineer -- inspects the home, searching for defects or other problems that might plague the owner later on. They usually represent the buyer and or paid by the buyer. The inspection usually takes place after a purchase contract between buyer and seller has been signed.</p>
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 Buying Your Home - Home Inspections & Warranties

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<p><strong>Do you have to buy HUD homes through a realty agent?</strong></p>
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<p>You can only purchase a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development property through a licensed real estate broker. HUD will pay the broker's commission up to 6 percent of the sales price.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Are foreclosures an option?</strong></p>
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<p>A foreclosure property is a home that has been repossessed by the lender because the owners failed to pay the mortgage. Thousands of homes end up in foreclosure every year. Economic conditions affect the number of foreclosures, too. Many people lose their homes due to job loss, credit problems or unexpected expenses.&nbsp; It is wise to be cautious when considering a foreclosure. Many experts, in fact, advise inexperienced buyers to hire an expert to take them through the process. It is important to have the house thoroughly inspected and to be sure that any liens, undisclosed mortgages or court judgments are cleared or at least disclosed.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What types of foreclosure are there?</strong></p>
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<p>Judicial foreclosure action is a proceeding in which a mortgagee, a trustee or another lienholder on property requests a court- supervised sale of the property to cover the unpaid balance of a delinquent debt.&nbsp; Nonjudicial foreclosure is the process of selling real property under a power of sale in a mortgage or deed of trust that is in default. In such a foreclosure, however, the lender is unable to obtain a deficiency judgment, which makes some title insurance companies reluctant to issue a policy.</p>
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<p><strong>How do you find government-repossessed homes?</strong></p>
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<p>The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development acquires properties from lenders who foreclose on mortgages insured by HUD. These properties are available for sale to both homeowner-occupants and investors. You can only purchase HUD-owned properties through a licensed real estate broker. HUD will pay the broker's commission up to 6 percent of the sales price. Down payments vary depending on whether the property is eligible for FHA insurance. If not, payments range from the conventional market's 5 to 20 percent. One caution. HUD homes are sold "as is," meaning limited repairs have been made made but no structural or mechanical warranties are implied.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Can I get a HUD home for as little as $100 down?</strong></p>
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<p>If you are strapped for cash and looking for a bargain, you may be able to buy a foreclosure property acquired by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development for as little as $100 down. With HUD foreclosures, down payments vary depending on whether the property is eligible for FHA insurance. If not, payments range from 5 to 20 percent. But when the property is FHA-insured, the down payment can go much lower.&nbsp; Each offer must be accompanied by an "earnest money" deposit equal to 5 percent of the bid price, not to exceed $2,000 but not less than $500. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs also offers foreclosure properties which can be purchased directly from the VA often well below market value and with a down payment amount as low as 2 percent for owner-occupants. Investors may be required to pay up to 10 percent of the purchase price as a down payment. This is because the VA guarantees home loans and often ends up owning the property if the veteran defaults.</p>
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<p>If you are interested in purchasing a VA foreclosure, call 1-800-827-1000 to request a current listing. About 100 new properties are listed every two weeks. You should be aware that foreclosure properties are sold "as is," meaning limited repairs have been made but no structural or mechanical warranties are implied.</p>
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<p><strong>Where can you find foreclosures?</strong></p>
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<p>In most states, a foreclosure notice must be published in the legal notices section of a local newspaper where the property is located or in the nearest city. Also, foreclosure notices are usually posted on the property itself and somewhere in the city where the sale is to take place. When a homeowner is late on three payments, the bank will record a notice of default against the property. When the owner fails to pay up, a trustee sale is held, and the property is sold to the highest bidder. The financial institution that has initiated foreclosure proceedings usually will set the bid price at the loan amount. Despite these seemingly straightforward rules, buying foreclosures is not easy as it may sound. Sophisticated investors use the technique so novices may find themselves among stiff competition.</p>
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<p><strong>What happens at a trustee sale?</strong></p>
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<p>Trustee sales are advertised in advance and require an all-cash bid. The sale is usually conducted by a sheriff, a constable or lawyer acting as trustee. This kind of sale, which usually attracts savvy investors, is not for the novice.&nbsp; In a trustee sale, the lender who holds the first loan on the property starts the bidding at the amount of the loan being foreclosed. Successful bidders receive a trustee's deed.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Where do I learn about HUD foreclosures?</strong></p>
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<p>One good source is their Web page&nbsp;<a href="http://www.hud.gov/">http://www.hud.gov</a>.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What are problems buying foreclosures?</strong></p>
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<p>Buying directly at a legal foreclosure sale is risky and dangerous. It is strictly caveat emptor ("Let the buyer beware"). The process has many disadvantages. There is no financing; you need cash and lots of it. The title needs to be checked before the purchase or the buyer could buy a seriously deficient title. The property's condition is not well known and an interior inspection of the property may not be possible before the sale, says James I. Wiedemer, author of "The Smart Money Guide Bargain Homes, How to Find and Buy Foreclosures." In addition, only estate (probate) and foreclosure sales are exempt from some states disclosure laws. In both cases, the law protects the seller (usually an heir or financial institution) who has recently acquired the property through adverse circumstances and may have little or no direct information about it.</p>
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<p><strong>What about buying a foreclosure "as is"?</strong></p>
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<p>Buying a foreclosure property can be risky, especially for the novice. Usually, you buy a foreclosure property as is, which means there is no warranty implied for the condition of the property (in other words, you can't go back to the seller for repairs). The condition of foreclosure properties is usually not known because an inspection of the interior of the house is not possible before the sale. In addition, there may be problems with the title, though that is something you can check out before the purchase.</p>
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<p><strong>How do you get financing for a foreclosure?</strong></p>
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<p>One reason there are few bidders at foreclosure sales is that it is next to impossible to get financing for such a property. You generally need to show up with cash and lots of it, or a line of credit with your bank upon which you can draw cashier's checks.</p>
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 Buying Your Home - Foreclosures

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<p><strong>What are the pros and cons of adding on or buying new?</strong></p>
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<p>Before making a choice between adding on to an existing home or buying a larger one, consider these questions:</p>
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<p>* How much money is available, either from cash reserves or through a home improvement loan, to remodel your current house?</p>
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<p>* How much additional space is required? Would the foundation support a second floor or does the lot have room to expand on the ground level?</p>
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<p>* What do local zoning and building ordinances permit?</p>
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<p>* How much equity already exists in the property?</p>
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<p>* Are there affordable properties for sale that would satisfy your changing housing needs?</p>
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<p><strong>Do we dig deep and buy a dream home or settle for a starter home?</strong></p>
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<p>Choosing between a smaller house in an affluent neighborhood, an older, bigger house in a more working-class community or a brand-new home is not easy. If you're in this situation, start by examining your priorities and asking the following questions:</p>
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<p>* Is the surrounding neighborhood or the home itself the most important consideration?</p>
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<p>* Is each of the neighborhoods safe?</p>
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<p>* Is quality of the schools an issue?</p>
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<p>* Do any of the areas seem to attract more families with children or adult residents? And where do you fit in?</p>
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<p>As for the return on your investment, home-price appreciation is hard to predict. In the late 1980s, and again 10 years later, the more expensive move-up housing appreciated wildly. But during the recession that followed, smaller homes tended to hold their value better than more expensive ones.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>How do you choose between buying and renting?</strong></p>
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<p>Home ownership offers tax benefits as well as the freedom to make decisions about your home. An advantage of renting is not worrying about maintenance and other financial obligations associated with owning property. There also are a number of economic considerations. Unlike renters, home owners who secure a fixed-rate loan can lock in their monthly housing costs and make prudent investment plans knowing these expenses will not increase substantially. Home ownership is a highly leveraged investment that can yield substantial profit on a nominal front-end investment. However, such returns depend on home-price appreciation.</p>
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<div class="enBodyText">
<p>"For some people, owning a home is a great feeling," writes Mitchell A. Levy in his book, "Home Ownership: The American Myth," Myth Breakers Press, Cupertino, Calif.; 1993. "It does, however, have a price. Besides the maintenance headache, the amount of after-tax money paid to the lender is usually greater than the amount of money otherwise paid in rent," Levy concludes.</p>
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<p>As for evaluating the risk associated with home ownership, David T. Schumacher and Erik Page Bucy write in their book "The Buy &amp; Hold Real Estate Strategy," John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York; 1992, that "good property located in growth areas should be regarded as an investment as opposed to a speculation or gamble." The authors recommend that prospective buyers spend a few months investigating a community. Many people make the mistake of buying in the wrong area. "Just because certain properties are high-priced doesn't necessarily mean they have some inherent advantage," the authors write. "One property may cost more than another today, but will it still be worth more down the line?"</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>How do I get the real scoop on homes I am looking at?</strong></p>
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<p>Home inspections, seller disclosure requirements and the agent's experience will help. Disclosure laws vary by state, but in some states, the law requires the seller to complete a real estate transfer disclosure statement. Here is a summary of the things you could expect to see in a disclosure form:</p>
</div>
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<p>* In the kitchen -- a range, oven, microwave, dishwasher, garbage disposal, trash compactor.</p>
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<p>* Safety features such as burglar and fire alarms, smoke detectors, sprinklers, security gate, window screens and intercom.</p>
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<p>* The presence of a TV antenna or satellite dish, carport or garage, automatic garage door opener, rain gutters, sump pump.</p>
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<p>* Amenities such as a pool or spa, patio or deck, built-in barbeque and fireplaces.</p>
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<p>* Type of heating, condition of electrical wiring, gas supply and presence of any external power source, such as solar panels.</p>
</div>
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<p>* The type of water heater, water supply, sewer system or septic tank also should be disclosed.</p>
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<p>Sellers also are required to indicate any significant defects or malfunctions existing in the home's major systems. A checklist specifies interior and exterior walls, ceilings, roof, insulation, windows, fences, driveway, sidewalks, floors, doors, foundation, as well as the electrical and plumbing systems. The form also asks sellers to note the presence of environmental hazards, walls or fences shared with adjoining landowners, any encroachments or easements, room additions or repairs made without the necessary permits or not in compliance with building codes, zoning violations, citations against the property and lawsuits against the seller affecting the property.</p>
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<p>Also look for, or ask about, settling, sliding or soil problems, flooding or drainage problems and any major damage resulting from earthquakes, floods or landslides.</p>
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<p>People buying a condominium must be told about covenants, codes and restrictions or other deed restrictions. It's important to note that the simple idea of disclosing defects has broadened significantly in recent years. Many jurisdictions have their own mandated disclosure forms as do many brokers and agents. Also, the home inspection and home warranty industries have grown</p>
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<p><strong>What do all of those real estate acronyms in the ads mean?</strong></p>
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<p>If you find yourself stumbling over weird acronyms in a real estate listing, don't be alarmed. There is method to the madness of this shorthand (which is mostly adopted by sellers to save money in advertising charges). Here are some abbreviations and the meaning of each, taken from a recent newspaper classified section:</p>
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<p>* assum. fin. -- assumable financing</p>
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<p>* dk -- deck</p>
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<p>* gar -- garage (garden is usually abbreviated "gard")</p>
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<p>* expansion pot'l -- may be extra space on the lot, or possibly vertical potential for a top floor or room addition. Verify actual potential by checking local zoning restrictions prior to purchase.</p>
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<p>* fab pentrm -- fabulous pentroom, a room on top, underneath the roof, that sometimes has views</p>
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<p>* FDR -- formal dining room (not the former president)</p>
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<p>* frplc, fplc, FP -- fireplace</p>
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<p>* grmet kit -- gourmet kitchen</p>
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<p>* HDW, HWF, Hdwd -- hardwood floors</p>
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<p>* hi ceils -- high ceilings</p>
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<p>* In-law potential -- potential for a separate apartment. Sometimes, local zoning codes restrict rentals of such units so be sure the conversion is legal first.</p>
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<p>* large E-2 plan -- this is one of several floor plans available in a specific building</p>
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<p>* lsd pkg. -- leased parking area, may come with an additional cost</p>
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<p>* lo dues -- find out just how low these homeowner's dues are, and in comparison to what?</p>
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<p>* nr bst schls -- near the best schools</p>
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<p>* pvt -- private</p>
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<p>* pwdr rm -- powder room, or half-bath</p>
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<p>* upr- upper floor</p>
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<p>* vw, vu, vws, vus -- view(s)</p>
</div>
<div class="enBodyText">
<p>* Wow! -- better check this one out.</p>
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 Buying Your Home - Finding the Right Home

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 Selling Your Home - Property Taxes | Terri Blewett

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<p><strong>Where can I learn more about appealing my property taxes?</strong></p>
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<p>Contact your local tax assessor's office to see what procedures to follow to appeal your property tax assessment. You may be able to appeal your assessment informally.&nbsp; Mostly likely, however, you will have to go through a formal tax-appeal processes, which begin with an appeal filed with the appropriate assessment appeals board.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>How is a home's value determined?</strong></p>
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<p>You have several ways to determine the value of a home. An appraisal is a professional estimate of a property's market value, based on recent sales of comparable properties, location, square footage and construction quality. This service varies in cost depending on the price of the home. On average, an appraisal costs about $300 for a $250,000 house. A comparative market analysis is an informal estimate of market value performed by a real estate agent based on similar sales and property attributes. Most agents offer free analyses in the hopes of winning your business. You also can get a comparable sales report for a fee from private companies that specialize in real estate data or find comparable sales information available on various real estate Internet sites.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Are taxes on second homes deductible?</strong></p>
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<p>Mortgage interest and property taxes are deductible on a second home if you itemize. Check with your accountant or tax adviser for specifics.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>How do property taxes work?</strong></p>
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<p>Property taxes are what most homeowners in the United States pay for the privilege of owning a piece of real estate, on average 1.5 percent of the property's current market value. These annual local assessments by county or local authorities help pay for public services and are calculated using a variety of formulas.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>Are property taxes deductible?</strong></p>
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<p>Property taxes on all real estate, including those levied by state and local governments and school districts, are fully deductible against current income taxes.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><strong>What is an impound account?</strong></p>
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<p>An impound account is a trust account established by the lender to hold money to pay for real estate taxes, and mortgage and homeowners insurance premiums as they are received each month.</p>
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Selling Your Home - Property Taxes

Published 06/19/2019 | Posted by Terri Blewett

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